Hadith #148

In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. Praise be to Allah, the Lord of all the worlds. May peace and blessings be upon our beloved Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ), his pure progeny, and his noble companions.

The Arabic Hadith of Imam Ali (عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ) states, "مَنْ مَلَكَ اسْتَأْثَرَ۔" This can be translated as,

Whoever obtains authority (usually) adopts partiality.

In this impactful saying , Imam Ali (عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ) highlights a common tendency among those who hold positions of power or authority to favor certain individuals or groups over others.

To understand the deeper meaning of this Hadith, let us delve into the key words used. The word (malaka) "مَلَكَ" refers to obtaining or possessing authority. It encompasses the idea of having control, influence, or power over others. The word (ista'thara) "استَأْثَرَ" is derived from the root word (athara) "أَثَرَ", which means to favor, show preference, or give preference to someone or something.

This Hadith highlights a human tendency that can arise when individuals are given authority or power. It warns that those in positions of authority often succumb to the temptation of favoring certain individuals or groups over others. This favoritism can manifest in various forms, such as granting privileges, providing benefits, or showing bias in decision-making processes.

To further understand the significance of this Hadith, let us turn to the Quran for guidance. Allah (سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَىٰ) warns against injustice and favoritism in several verses. In Surah Al-Hujurat, Allah says, (Quran 4:135)

O you who have believed, be persistently standing firm in justice, witnesses for Allah, even if it be against yourselves or parents and relatives. Whether one is rich or poor, Allah is more worthy of both. So follow not [personal] inclination, lest you not be just. And if you distort [your testimony] or refuse [to give it], then indeed Allah is ever, with what you do, Acquainted

This verse emphasizes the importance of justice and impartiality, regardless of personal inclinations or relationships. It serves as a reminder that Allah's (سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَىٰ) commandments should always take precedence over personal biases or preferences. Muslims are encouraged to uphold justice and fairness in all aspects of their lives, including when they hold positions of authority.

Another verse that sheds light on this Hadith is found in Surah Al-Ma'idah, where Allah says, (Quran 5:8)

O you who have believed, be persistently standing firm for Allah, witnesses in justice, and do not let the hatred of a people prevent you from being just. Be just; that is nearer to righteousness. And fear Allah; indeed, Allah is Acquainted with what you do

This verse emphasizes the importance of being just and fair, even if it goes against personal feelings or biases. It reminds Muslims that they should not let their dislike or hatred for a particular group of people hinder them from upholding justice. The command to "be just" is a clear directive from Allah (سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَىٰ), emphasizing the need for impartiality and fairness in all circumstances.

Reflecting on the Hadith of Imam Ali (عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ) in light of these Quranic verses, we can understand that the warning against partiality in positions of authority is rooted in the principles of justice and fairness. When individuals in positions of power show favoritism or bias, they undermine the very essence of justice and create divisions within society.

The consequences of such partiality can be far-reaching. It can lead to the marginalization and oppression of certain individuals or groups, while others enjoy undue privileges and advantages. This not only breeds resentment and animosity but also erodes trust in the system of governance.

Imam Ali's (عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ) statement serves as a reminder for Muslims to be vigilant and introspective when they find themselves in positions of authority. It calls upon them to resist the temptation of favoritism and to strive for justice and fairness in all their actions. By doing so, they uphold the principles of Islam and contribute to the establishment of a just and harmonious society.

In conclusion, the Hadith of Imam Ali (عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ) warns against the tendency of those in positions of authority to adopt partiality. It reminds Muslims of the importance of justice and fairness, as emphasized in the Quran. By reflecting on this Hadith and the supporting Quranic verses, we are reminded of our duty to uphold justice and fairness in all aspects of our lives, especially when we are entrusted with positions of authority. May Allah (سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَىٰ) guide us to be just and fair in all our actions and protect us from the pitfalls of favoritism.